Oaten Hay

A Key Feed for Livestock in Australia

Oaten hay is one of the most common types of cereal hay used for livestock feed in Australia. It’s a key component of the country’s hay exports, with significant production in Victoria, South Australia, and New South Wales. Oaten hay is valued for its high fibre, energy, and protein content, making it an excellent feed choice for cattle, sheep, and other livestock.

What is Oaten Hay?

Oaten hay is made from the grass species Avena sativa (oats) and is harvested at various stages of maturity, depending on its intended use. It’s typically cut and baled while the plant is still in its early stages of seed development to preserve nutrients. Later-maturity hay may contain grain, which can boost nutrient levels but may also attract rodents during storage.

Nutritional Value of Oaten Hay

1. Crude Protein (CP): Typically ranges between 6% and 11%, depending on the stage of maturity. Early-cut hay generally has higher protein levels than late-cut hay.
2. Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF): The NDF content usually ranges from 50% to 75%. The higher the NDF, the less digestible the hay becomes, but it’s still a valuable source of roughage for livestock.
3. Metabolizable Energy (ME): Oaten hay generally offers an ME of 6-9%, providing a solid energy source for cattle and other ruminants.

Visual Grading and Quality

The visual quality of oaten hay is crucial for determining its palatability and nutritional value. High-quality hay should be:

1. Green to golden in colour.
2. Free from dust, mould, or pests.
3. Soft and sweet-smelling.

Poor-quality hay may be brown, musty, or brittle, with thick stems and foreign materials, which can increase waste.

Best Time for Harvesting Oaten Hay

The best time to harvest oaten hay is during early flowering, before the seeds have developed. This stage ensures the hay has the highest nutrient retention. As the plant matures and enters the milky dough stage, the nutrient value starts to decline.

Storage and Handling

Proper storage of oaten hay is essential to maintain its quality. Hay should be kept in a dry, well-ventilated area to prevent mould and moisture build-up. Improper storage can lead to a loss of nutritional value and increase the risk of fire.

Frequently Asked Questions about Oaten Hay

Q. What is a normal level of Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF) for Oaten Hay?

A. NDF for oaten hay typically ranges from 45% to 79%, depending on its maturity and growing conditions.

Q. What is the usual range in Crude Protein for Oaten Hay?

A. Crude protein in oaten hay usually ranges from 2% to 12%, with early-cut hay offering higher protein content.

Q. How is the Crude Protein affected by harvest maturity?

A. Protein content is highest at early flowering (8-12%), but declines as the plant matures. Late-cut hay may have protein levels under 7%.

Q. What is something special about Oaten Hay?

A. Oaten hay contains silica, which supports healthy bones and joints in cattle, and is thought to improve the quality of milk and beef.